Differential and Open differential

Differential controls the speed of the left and right wheels on your vehicle.

It allows them to rotate at different speeds while making turns, as the outer wheel path is longer in distance than the inner wheel.

Types of differentials:1)open differentials

                                  2)Limited-slip differentials

                                  3)locking differentials

Open Differential:

Open differentials have a few essential components, illustrated below. The input pinion gear is the gear that is driven from the drivetrain - typically the output shaft from the transmission. It drives the ring gear which, being larger, is what gives that final gear reduction I mentioned. Attached to the ring gear is the cage, containing two captive pinion gears that are intermeshed with the two output pinion gears, one connected to each axle. The captive pinions are free to rotate how they wish.

As the input pinion spins, it meshes with the ring gear. The ring gear spins, spinning the cage and the two captive pinions. When the vehicle is travelling in a straight line, neither drive pinion is trying to spin any differently from the other, so the captive pinions don't spin and the turning of the ring gear is translated directly to both drive pinions. These are connected to the driveshafts to the wheels, so effectively, the ring gear spins the wheels at the same speed that it is turning. When the vehicle starts to turn a corner, one of the wheels is going to want to spin more quickly than the other. At this point, the captive pinions come into play, allowing the two drive pinions to spin at slightly different speeds

How differential works:

                                         

references:     www.carbible.com

                       www.learnengineering.com